Under what circumstance is it acceptable to release a client's confidential information without their permission?

Releasing a client's confidential information without their permission is acceptable when the law or a court order explicitly requires it. This reflects the legal obligations that professionals must adhere to, ensuring that they comply with regulations designed to protect public health, safety, and welfare. In situations where a mandate is provided by judicial proceedings or applicable statutes, failure to disclose necessary information could not only hinder justice but also violate the law.

The other options present scenarios where confidentiality is typically upheld. For example, making a referral without client consent may seem urgent, but confidentiality should still be maintained unless the client has agreed to share that information. Advocacy on the client's behalf typically requires the client's consent to avoid breaching trust. Lastly, disclosing information to other staff members without client permission does not align with ethical standards unless those staff members are also bound by confidentiality agreements or are part of the necessary process for serving the client. Thus, the legal requirement provides the only circumstance where disclosure can occur without the client’s prior consent.